Enablers of Non-Sequential Internationalization Process among Small Article

Essays on Enablers of Non-Sequential Internationalization Process among Small and Medium-Sized Firms by Osarenkhoe Article The paper "Enablers of Non-Sequential Internationalization Process among Small and Medium-Sized Firms by Osarenkhoe" is a delightful example of an article on marketing. The article entitled â€Å"A study of the enablers of non-sequential internationalization process among small and medium-sized firms† was written by Aihie Osarenkhoe of the University of Gavle (Sweden) Department of Business Studies, and was published in the International Journal of Business Science and Applied Management in February 2008. The objective of the article is to detail the researcher’s findings in a study of internationalization processes followed by small- and medium enterprises. Osarenkhoe’s hypothesis is that firms that do not follow a sequential process towards internationalization are not solely enabled in their non-sequential approach by single factors, as is commonly asserted by the body of prior research, but rather by a number of interconnected factors.The article begins with a basic definition of internationalization – â€Å"the process of increasing involvement in international operations across borders (Welch Luostarinen, 1988)† – and briefly introduces some of the large body of research done in North America and Europe. Both streams of research have, according to Osarenkhoe, developed essentially the same basic framework for models of internationalization:â€Å"Both research traditions conceptualize export development as taking place in gradual and sequential stages (learning sequences involving feedback loops), based on a series of incremental commitment decisions depending on perceptions, expectations, experience, managerial capacity, etc. The firm is assumed to build a stable domestic position before starting international activities.† (p. 2)In other words, internationalization is a step-by-step process undertaken once a firm establishes a sound position in its domestic market; moving into foreign markets is done incre mentally, with each step providing learning to support the following step. The research question of the author then has two elements: First, not all firms follow a sequential, or step-by-step process; and second, their reason for not doing so cannot be attributed to a single factor.The theoretical framework of the research is based on three models that describe sequential internationalization processes. The first is the Uppsala Internationalisation Model, proposed by Johanson and Wiedersheim-Paul in 1975, and expanded by Johanson and Vahlne in 1977. (p. 3) The second is the Transaction Cost Approach (TCA) first proposed by Coase, 1939 and applied to internationalization by Williamson in 1975 (it should be noted, however, that the reference to this latter work is missing from the article).   The third model and most recently-developed model is the Network Approach model, which has been studied by numerous researchers. Osarenkhoe summarises these three models in a table (p. 4).

Derailed †Creative Writing Free Essays

It had rained the night before, and mist was creeping in, like a soft blanket of cold steam. It was silent. The grim reaper was waiting silently for blood. We will write a custom essay sample on Derailed – Creative Writing or any similar topic only for you Order Now Not even the birds dare tweet. The reaper lifts his hefty but swift scythe. Just as he is about to drop it†¦ â€Å"Don’t you worry love, you’re only dreaming again.† Margaret slides out of bed and plods off to fetch a glass of water for Daniel. She stared through the windowpane, and out of the four walls that she and Daniel call home. It was cold and wet, perfect weather for Ducks though. It had rained the night before, and mist was creeping in, like a soft blanket of cold steam. Maggie (as she likes to be called), twisted the cold steel, and a cold transparent liquid flowed out, making a racket as it hit the bottom of the sink. After filling her glass, she shut off the flow of water, and turned sharply around. Just as she did so, she nearly had the shock of her life. In front of her was a hairy ape, stamping towards her with half-closed eyes!! Maggie then put her arms around this beast, and told him to drink the glass of water and to get a bath. Maggie then turned on the TV and was pleased to see that her favourite quiz show was due on in about 15 minutes. Daniel smiled and turned to face the towering stairs. He started to climb the stairs. He reached the landing and for some unknown reason decided to turn around and stare out of the window. He stopped tipped his head to one side and thought about something for a second, said a brief de-ja-vous and carried on with his quest which was to have a bath. Daniel reached the bathroom and started to run a bath. After a brief shave, his bath was ready to dive in to. He dived in and while washing himself, (and doing other bathroom activities) he thought about the day ahead. First activitie of the day was to pack some clothes as he had train journey to deal with and then he would†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Oh, I am so sorry, how can I write a story without describing the main character, and his family to you first. Daniel is a 36-year-old entrepreneur , who, at the age of twenty-two, decided to start his own business , making computer components. He had a bad turn at the age of twenty-six and nearly went bankrupt due to a downfall in the price of shares in the computer components. Now he is doing fine (nearly a millionaire) and him and his wife are very happy and content. He is 5ft 6in and has a distinctive chubby look about him. Daniel has a warm chubby face and sparkling hazel-brown eyes. Handsome for a 36 year old, the females might say. Mggi4e was Daniels sectary until 10 years ago, when they got engaged. Unfortunately, however, she fell on a slippery supermarket floor and nearly broke her neck. She can walk but excessive movement could severely injure her. Maggie is just over 5ft 4in and quite thin. She used to have a wide stature and used to be slightly overweight. She lost this weight due to a strict diet and living regime. Her blonde curly locks hang over her shoulders and are complemented by her warm blue eyes. Anyway, continuing on with what the day held for him:- After his morning shift, Daniel was to call a workers meeting, to outline his plans and to hand out raises, awards ect. Daniel then had the rest of the day off so that he could sleep to prepare to travel down to London to visit his old mate Joe. He would travel by train, which it cheep an if on time quicker than car. It cost a tidy forty pounds and would take 3 hours (from Durham). Not bad and especially for Dan as he would travel by first class. This meant that could enjoy his journey and have drinks, food etc as well. Monday morning (12th May) A shrill ringing woke Dan a 6am. He was staying for two days and started packing accordingly. He didn’t take much as he only needed clothes and deodorant to take with him. He had a few get-well cards from friends, by these didn’t way much and weren’t at all bulky. He then had his break fast and wash etc. Daniel kissed Margaret good by, opened the front door and his garage. A gentle breeze came out of nowhere and I take away card fluttered past and landed at the front of Daniel’s short drive. He dawdled over and picked it up. He looked at it and saw nothing unusual other than a line saying 21:00 no 1365. Dan though nothing of it, only a bit of scrap paper, and got in his car. As he turned the ignition key and placed his luggage in the passenger seat, he felt a weird buttelfy feeling in his stomach. This was odd. Since dan had not exercised properly, he didn’t have any problems. A thought raced across the vast screen of his mind. It might be a stomach ulcer. His had a history of them, but Daniel had been lucky for the past sixteen years. The thought diminished and he reversed his car and carried on. It was only a twenty-minute journey and it passed away quickly and with no problems. The car pulled up at the car park and slowly screeched to a halt. Daniel slid out, paid his two pay and display charge and jumped back in his car. He then practiced the difficult not so accent art of parking and slowly got out. The station was normal. The hustle and bustle of every day lime. Many of the passengers are businessmen and women probably going to work. Dan glanced at his watch, which said 8:30 am. There was time for a coffee. Just as he turned around to head for the cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½, a high-pitched squeal dived out of the speakers and into the maze that was Dan’s ears. The squealing halted and the tannoy sounded. â€Å"Could all passengers for the train number 1365 Durham to London please listen. The train will not be here at 21:00 as scheduled but will be delayed for about 15 minutes. These delays are due uncontrollable circumstances. Thank you†. Daniel sighed, as this was his train. All of a sudden, his spine tingled and he sensed a feeling of de-ja-vous. He had 2100 no 1365 on a piece of paper. He could not remember when or where but he knew he had seen it. Dan turned back towards the cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ and walked towards it. Unusually, he felt he was being watched. He strained his neck to glance over his shoulder when a small hand touched his shoulder. Dan jumped and turned sharply around. â€Å"How are you Dan†. It was Joann; Daniel’s secretary from work. Dan replied with a mumbled, â€Å"I’m alright â€Å". Joanne sensed that something was wrong, but thought it best not to ask what. She walked on and faded into the crowd. Dan turned towards the cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ and strolled along towards it with his small luggage, slung over his shoulder. He finally reached his destination and opened the door. Swinging his bag from his shoulder, he sat down. His arse landed on the soft, warm seat (probably warmed by some clean dude who farted constantly) and Dan started to relax. He had hardly been there for a few seconds when an attractive young waiter approached Daniel. She was about 5ft tall and had long locks of curly hair Dangling from her head and down onto her peninsular-like shoulders. She was thin but obviously liked working out, as I could tell from the clear lines on her long arms. Her hands were small and boney, but were terribly scared. The waiter spoke with a small but kind voice. â€Å"Would you like anything sir†, she squeaked. After a few seconds of deliberation, Daniel replied, â€Å"A black coffee please love†. Rachel (it said on her nametag) then chirped â€Å"Be with you in a minute sir†, and then scarpered off to prepare a coffee for Daniel. Just as she said, she returned in less than two minutes with a black coffee, hot and steaming, in a large mug. Daniel sprinkled two sachets of sugar into his mug, and then sipped. He looked around the area where he sat, and sniffed the polluted air. The cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ was small, with the tables in rows of four. The tables had four chairs each and bottles of sauce and condiment sets sat proudly in the middle on top of a tablecloth. The cloth was opulent and excreted a clean, lemon fresh odour that made you think of spring. The cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ was quite eventful and obviously made a good, if not excellent turnover. Daniel finished his coffee and dawdled up to the till to pay. He paid and on his way out, placed a tip of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½5 in the hand of the waiter. â€Å"Thanks love. Here, have this as a token of my appreciation for good service.† The waiter thanked Daniel and he continued on. All of a sudden the tannoy sounded, following that same annoying squeal. â€Å"Would all passengers for the no 1365 train please make their way to platform four. We are terribly sorry for the delay. Thank you.† Daniel grabbed his bags, and jogged straight up to platform four. To everyone’s bewilderment four police officers, accompanied by four dogs and an armed swat team were standing by the train, carefully looking at everyone suspiciously. The officers and dogs then started to weave in and between passengers, as though they were sniffing for drugs and other illegal objects. The dog came up to Daniel, sniffed his bags and then barked viciously at Daniel. Two officers immediately sprinted over and searched ferociously through his bags. Sure enough, there were drugs in Daniels bag, but they were legal and prescribed by Dan’s doctor. The police officers apologised, helped Daniel to fill his bag, and the toddled over to their positions. The next obstruction was a portable metal detector. Everyone was strolling through it, speculating at what caused this annoying chaos. Dan strolled through it, just as everyone had, and then boarded the train. He got on the train, and stared down the aisle. He glimpsed the door to the first class lounge, and wandered down towards it. The first class lounge was spacious and well ventilated. The buffet counter was in the next carriage to the first class and smelt of common aromas such as pie and chips. The carriage had a slight stench of chip fat and an eerie glimmer of flickering light shed out of the broken bar light. Stepping back into the first class lounge, he looked at his ticket and observed the seat number 321. Daniel walked down the first class lounge, selected his seat and sat on it. He was tired and immediately fell asleep, never to wake again. The train was derailed and no one knows why. The press speculate about why the train was derailed and why there were armed guards at the station. The police won’t let on either. How to cite Derailed – Creative Writing, Papers

The Significance Of The Title In The free essay sample

Catcher In The Rye Essay, Research Paper In J. D. Salinger # 8217 ; s Catcher in the Rye, there are many subjects that are perceptible, nevertheless the most dominant subject was embedded in the rubric of the book. This is why in this essay I will turn to the significance of the rubric of this book. At the really outset, I will wish to province what the rubric signified. The rubric established Holden Caulfield, the supporter # 8217 ; s duties in life, as stated by himself. Holden wished to function humanity by safeguarding the artlessness and pureness of kids, by protecting them from the immoralities of life and more straight the dangers of the # 8216 ; grownup # 8217 ; universe. There were many cases in this novel when this significance was supported. After holding evaluated these cases the reader was readily able to detect how the rubric of this book described and/or influenced the supporters # 8217 ; nature. The writer made a direct mention to the rubric in Chapter 22, when Holden returned to Phoebe, his younger sister # 8217 ; s room merely after holding sneaked back place in order to seek redemption through her: # 8220 ; I figured I # 8217 ; d better sneak place and see her ( Phoebe ) , in instance I died and all. We will write a custom essay sample on The Significance Of The Title In The or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page # 8221 ; When Phoebe found out that Holden had been expelled from yet another school she became disquieted and complained that Holden didn # 8217 ; Ts like anything. She asked him what he would wish to be and Holden answered, # 8220 ; I keep visualizing all these small childs playing some game in this large field of rye and all. Thousands of small childs, and cipher # 8217 ; s around # 8211 ; cipher large, I mean # 8211 ; except me. And I # 8217 ; m standing on the border of some brainsick drop. What I have to make, I have to catch everybody if they start to travel over the drop # 8211 ; I mean if they # 8217 ; re running and they don # 8217 ; t look where they # 8217 ; re traveling I have to come out from someplace and catch them. That # 8217 ; s all I # 8217 ; d do all twenty-four hours. I # 8217 ; d merely be the backstop in the rye and all. I know it # 8217 ; s brainsick, but that # 8217 ; s the lone thing I # 8217 ; d truly like to be. I know it # 8217 ; s cra zy. # 8221 ; This response to Phoebe # 8217 ; s inquiry is basically the underlining event that explained what the significance of the rubric is. This response, by manner of symbolism, accorded to Holden his responsibilities as the # 8216 ; backstop in the rye. # 8217 ; His duty to shelter the inexperienced person from falling into the # 8216 ; grownup # 8217 ; universe. In which, even the monetary value of a set of baggage is adequate to divide school roomies, where aspirations are hollow, and the intent of school is to garner up sufficient cognition so that someday one can purchase a long, sleek, glistening Cadillac. Briefly, he has to protect the inexperienced person from the defects of the # 8216 ; grownup # 8217 ; universe. The first clip that the writer hinted about the pith of the rubric was in Chapter 16, when Holden was walking up Broadway, merely before his rendezvous with Sally Hayes, ( one of his friends with whom he had made a day of the month to travel to the theatre. ) On his manner, he walked behind a household of three who had merely been to church. Holden liked them and attempted to hear what one of the immature male childs was humming. The kid was singing # 8220 ; If a organic structure catch a organic structure coming through the rye, # 8221 ; and this made Holden experience better: # 8220 ; It made me experience non so down anymore. # 8221 ; Although this was non wholly apparent, a nd it did non straight construe the rubric as him being the Jesus of the inexperienced persons, it did demo how Holden obtained alleviation from depression and melancholy every bit shortly as he encountered what he held to be artlessness. In other words, when he met kids. An extra illustration of when Holden demonstrated his function as the # 8216 ; backstop in the rye # 8217 ; , was when he learned that Stradlater, his roomie, was traveling on a day of the month with Jane Gallagher, a friend of his. Holden was a sensitive, caring person who showed concern for the well being of Jane Gallagher. To Holden Jane represented pureness, he used to play draughtss with her and she was the type of individual who would go forth all her male monarchs in the back row. This may look merely as if it is a junior-grade item, nevertheless it holds a batch of symbolic value. The fact that Jane did non cognize that her male monarchs are of no usage sitting in the back row represented artlessness. Since it is Holden # 8217 ; s occupation to protect the inexperienced person he did non desire her to day of the month Stradlater because he knew that Stradlater was a sexually attractive, virile immature adult male who is careless, slightly thoughtless and non interested in inside informations. # 8220 ; If you knew Stradlater, you # 8217 ; vitamin Ds have been worried, excessively. I # 8217 ; d dual dated with that asshole a twosome of times, and I know what I # 8217 ; m speaking approximately. He was unscrupulous. He truly was. # 8221 ; Therefore by demoing his concern for Jane, # 8220 ; I sat at that place for about half hr after he left I kept believing about Jane, and about what Stradlater holding a day of the month wither her and all. It made me so nervous I about went crazy. # 8221 ; Holden attempted to carry through his responsibilities as being the # 8216 ; backstop in the rye. # 8217 ; Another illustration that confirmed the effect of the rubric, was when Holden went to his younger sister Phoebes simple school in order to speak to her before he left. Anyhow, while he was at that place he saw the word # 8216 ; fuck you # 8217 ; written on the walls and # 8220 ; it drove me ( him ) darn near crazy. # 8221 ; He couldn # 8217 ; t stand the thought that Phoebe or her friends had seen that written on the wall. If they had seen it they would inquire and finally # 8220 ; some dirty child would state them, # 8221 ; what it meant. This is when he started wipe outing the first feeling on the wall. But shortly he realized, # 8220 ; it was hopeless anyhow. If you had a million old ages to make it in, you couldn # 8217 ; t rub out even half the fuck marks in the universe. It # 8217 ; s impossible. # 8221 ; Now when this event is assessed with the kernel of the rubric the reader can effortlessly detect the fact that this event absolutely parallels the significance of t he rubric. This event illustrated Holden # 8217 ; s responsibilities as # 8216 ; the backstop in the rye # 8217 ; by demoing how he tried to wipe out the feelings of the word # 8216 ; fuck # 8217 ; on the walls. The childs that Holden was seeking to protect were the guiltless childs who did non cognize what the word # 8216 ; fuck # 8217 ; meant so he tried to salvage them before they fell off the drop and into the grownup universe where harmonizing to him artlessness was non-existent. The aforesaid events once and for all support the thought upon which was grounded the rubric of the book and besides the supporters, Holden Caulfield # 8217 ; s, character or nature. This thought was the supporter # 8217 ; s duty to protect the inexperienced person from the impure.

Free Essays on Print Vs. Press

Print vs. Press In today’s elections the Media is one of the biggest influences in most elections. Throughout the years the Media has changed quiet a bit. As in most cases, today’s technology has revolutionized the Media and the way we get our information. Not only do we hear about elections through the media, we learn of updated news pertaining to our everyday lives. There are two types of Media that presents different stimuli, which vary substantially from nature to content. The two types are the Printing press and the Electronic press. Both play major roles in educating and informing our nation. The Print media is best known for it’s â€Å"excel in conveying factual details (graber189).† Graber goes on to add that the print media is generally credited with conveying more knowledge that audiovisual media does. One Critic by the name of Neil Postman says that if our nation is exposed to too much television, we might turn into a nation of dilettantes who avoid the serious issues of the world. I think that we are seeing some of that now. Look at Clinton for example, our media has not been as involved in how well our country has been doing. Rather the media is steady telling the nation who he sleeps with and what he has for breakfast. On the contrary, the newspapers and so on are giving us facts. They are telling us more about the health care reform, and about issues over seas. We as a nation need to care more about our country and set aside some of our amusement. One on the major down falls of the printing press is that, most times the news we read is tha t of old news. If there is an attack in Russia on Wednesday, then it will not be until Thursday or Friday until we read it in the paper. Another example is that of Time magazine. Subscribers of Time usually receive their magazine a week or two later that the latest news. I think that the printing press is for the more informative group and should not be left i... Free Essays on Print Vs. Press Free Essays on Print Vs. Press Print vs. Press In today’s elections the Media is one of the biggest influences in most elections. Throughout the years the Media has changed quiet a bit. As in most cases, today’s technology has revolutionized the Media and the way we get our information. Not only do we hear about elections through the media, we learn of updated news pertaining to our everyday lives. There are two types of Media that presents different stimuli, which vary substantially from nature to content. The two types are the Printing press and the Electronic press. Both play major roles in educating and informing our nation. The Print media is best known for it’s â€Å"excel in conveying factual details (graber189).† Graber goes on to add that the print media is generally credited with conveying more knowledge that audiovisual media does. One Critic by the name of Neil Postman says that if our nation is exposed to too much television, we might turn into a nation of dilettantes who avoid the serious issues of the world. I think that we are seeing some of that now. Look at Clinton for example, our media has not been as involved in how well our country has been doing. Rather the media is steady telling the nation who he sleeps with and what he has for breakfast. On the contrary, the newspapers and so on are giving us facts. They are telling us more about the health care reform, and about issues over seas. We as a nation need to care more about our country and set aside some of our amusement. One on the major down falls of the printing press is that, most times the news we read is tha t of old news. If there is an attack in Russia on Wednesday, then it will not be until Thursday or Friday until we read it in the paper. Another example is that of Time magazine. Subscribers of Time usually receive their magazine a week or two later that the latest news. I think that the printing press is for the more informative group and should not be left i...

5 Ways to Repair Misused Em Dashes

5 Ways to Repair Misused Em Dashes 5 Ways to Repair Misused Em Dashes 5 Ways to Repair Misused Em Dashes By Mark Nichol Em dashes are handy little items for setting phrases apart for special attention, but be cautious when employing them, because when misused, they can obscure rather than assist in comprehension: 1. â€Å"For the most part, this water comes from aquifers that’s groundwater or from surface waters that is, rivers and lakes.† When em dashes come in pairs, what lies between is a parenthetical digression that merits a more dramatic break than that indicated by a brace of commas or two parentheses. If the parenthetical phrase ends the sentence, however, only a single em dash is needed. But three or more em dashes in one sentence creates an ambivalence in the sentence structure. In this case, it’s better to use parentheses and to avoid mixing em dashes and parentheses for digressions of equal or parallel impact, use them for the second digression as well: â€Å"For the most part, this water comes from aquifers (that’s groundwater) or from surface waters (that is, rivers and lakes).† 2. â€Å"Her recent roles have shown her interest and her ability to go beyond the usual popular movie.† Be careful that when a phrase is parenthesized, what precedes and follows it is grammatically sound: â€Å"Her recent roles have shown her interest in going and her ability to go beyond the usual popular movie.† 3. â€Å"The collapses could play out in the seven states that rely on the Colorado River and its tributaries Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming as ever-increasing water use, ever-growing population and a changing climate shrink the flow.† If the parenthetical delineates a list or the parts of a whole, as here, the opening em dash should immediate follow the whole: â€Å"The collapses could play out in the seven states Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming that rely on the Colorado River and its tributaries as ever-increasing water use, ever-growing population and a changing climate shrink the flow.† (Otherwise, the sentence identifies the states as tributaries.) 4. â€Å"There may be a decrease in prices- but incomes are rising- so that outcome may not happen.† When you use an em dash, you should know what you’re getting yourself into. In this sentence, the writer meant to set off the entire second clause, not just the parenthetical, which is bereft without the phrase following the second em dash: â€Å"There may be a decrease in prices- but incomes are rising, so that outcome may not happen.† 5. â€Å"Maybe it’s just because no matter how many people have been through here the space remains the same, seemingly untouched by human hands.† By the same token, many sentences simply don’t merit even a single em dash there’s nothing to mark off for emphasis. Perhaps the writer meant to place the em dash in lieu of the comma after same, rather than the one following here, but commas suffice in both positions: â€Å"Maybe it’s just because no matter how many people have been through here, the space remains the same, seemingly untouched by human hands.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:75 Contronyms (Words with Contradictory Meanings)15 Great Word GamesEducational vs. Educative

The Impact of Private Education In Saudi Arabia On Expatriate Teachers Research Proposal

The Impact of Private Education In Saudi Arabia On Expatriate Teachers And Students - Research Proposal Example 3. METHODOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 The Research Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Aims and Objective of the Research. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14The Study Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Statistical Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 ABSTRACT The impact of private schools in Saudi Arabia on expatriate teachers and students is the interest of this exploratory study. Employing qualitative method of research, the researcher will likewise explore the lives of families and their corresponding children in the country, their experiences in dealing with Arab and other cultures, the significant experiences that expatriate teachers can take back to their respective countries, and identify the type of tertiary education that students in the host country can attend in the future. The researcher will make use of the qualitative-descriptive method of research. In the collection of informational data, the researcher will conduct an interview on expatriate teachers and students in their respective schools in Saudi Arabia. These data will include school performance or achievement scores, culture of the schools, culture of the expatriates teachers and students, list of benefits for the expatriates teachers and students, and performance of the expatriate teachers and students. The collected data will be computed statistically for mean, median, mode, percentile rank, and relative frequency. Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Conventionally, education of a country's citizens is left to those people who have gained... This study primarily focused on the information given by the private schools in Saudi Arabia. The respondents of the study are the expatriate teachers and students. The Local teachers and students were not included in this study. The researcher went over a number of books, journals, and online resources. The studies which were found relevant to the present day research are mentioned below. This report makes a conclusion that the Saudi Arabian government realized the need for its nationals to be effective conversationalist with the world. This was driven by its extensive oil and aggregates products export to other countries. For example, ARAMCO in 1968 created a verbal communication program for foreign dialect schooling. This was geared towards outputs or people that are conversant with different dialects. Having gained the necessary conversation tools, these people were posted and employed by the Saudi government to many sensitive areas of the business entity. On the other hand, because of the oil export business of Saudi Arabia, some nationals have to go to foreign countries to close deals and get related transactions done. All these supposedly require the proficiency in speaking and reading foreign language as the Saudi nationals can not always rely on language translators. Moreover, Mecca in Saudi Arabia is the Islamic congregation center for pilgrimage. Thus, Musli ms from foreign countries regularly come for the religious rites.

Organizational Communication and Culture Research Paper

Organizational Communication and Culture - Research Paper Example During this meeting, the manager presented a revamp plan that involved a higher focus on online advertising and less focus on traditional modes of advertising. Each member of the key staff was assigned with specific tasks by the manager. The session did not have any scope for discussion or providing suggestions as the manager did not encourage it. Shortly, the manager sent out an email communication to the rest of the department informing them about the new changes and revamp plans. However, the email communication did not mention anything about employee’s questions or suggestions either. Instead, the specific tasks for each team, along with the desirable goals as well as deadlines, were assigned to them. In such a situation, the decision has left me and the rest of the employees confused and frustrated as to why the changes were made. Lack of communication between upper management and the employees during a change is a common phenomenon in most organizations (Frahm & Brown, 2007). The problem in this case occurs because there was no employee involvement in the decision making process which, in turn, results in employees feeling confused and unvalued. In this case, employees were not encouraged to get involved in the company as well as the marketing department’s strategic decisions; instead, they were assigned with tasks without the opportunity of discussion or consultation. The specific communication problem mentioned above can be attributed to the work culture of many Asian companies. According to Hofstede, countries such as Japan and China are particularly high in power distance, which means that subordinates in organizations that are managed by leaders from those countries are not encouraged to question the decision of their authorities for fear of negative consequences or conflicts (Samovar, Porter, & McDaniel, 2009). As it is evident from the